Planes of Development

“Development is a series of rebirths.” - Maria Montessori

In Montessori’s scientific observation of children, she noticed four distinct Planes of Development. Studying these Planes of Development gives us great insight into how a child thinks, feels, and what learning style and lessons might work best during the different planes.

0-6 Absorbent Mind

We have all heard the phrase “children are sponges”, and it’s so true! From 0-3, children are absorbing information around them unconsciously. From 3-6 this learning is happening consciously and involves the sensitive periods language, movement, order, refinement of senses, concrete experiences, small objects, and socialization. Montessori guides base their lessons for each child on what sensitive period(s) each child is in at the time.

6-12 Reasoning and Abstraction “Conscious Imagination”

While the first plane focuses on the inner work of the child, during the second plane children begin to go “out” into the world. They become concerned with morals, develop a deep sense of justice, and begin to use reason in their thinking. Peer relationships become important as well. Their sense of independence continues to grow and expand.

12-18 Adolescence “New Identity”

During this often tricky time, adolescences are searching for more independence and more control over their lives and choices. Teenagers are often looking for a sense of belonging, finding their place in their world. Interestingly, Montessori believed that because adolescents are seeking to be treated more like adults, then they should be given opportunities to do more adult work, such as running businesses! Many Montessori schools that go through high school have businesses selling maple syrup, plant sells, and jewelry-making.

18-24 Young Adults “Maturity”

Young adults are finding their place in society, realizing what they are able to contribute and what their responsibilities are to the greater good. Having a strong foundation in the earlier planes are essential to becoming productive young adults with compassion and confidence!